Litigation Law Articles

Few changes to the rules of procedure have been as groundbreaking as those pertaining to discovery of electronically stored media, or e-discovery. Although e-discovery has been slow to make much impact on some areas of legal practice, its effects on litigation are beginning to spread to even the most simple of cases, requiring more and more people to form at least a basic understanding of what it is, how it works, and what their obligations could be in a lawsuit.

Therefore, parties wanting to enforce an award under the New York Convention must satisfy the requirements of the UAE Civil Code. In practice, enforcing arbitration awards can be a lengthy and unpredictable process.

Fraud in business transactions is on the rise in the province of Ontario, Canada. Litigating business transaction claims involving fraud requires an understanding of complex aspects of legal procedure, contract and tort law. Igor Ellyn, QC, a senior Toronto litigation counsel, provides useful details on this topic.

Most lawsuits settle rather than going all the way to judgment. In fact, the vast majority (often estimated around 90%) of all cases will settle before a trial, and a substantial number of those remaining cases will settle before the verdict is returned.

In any civil action, including divorces, both parties must have notice of the case. This is accomplished through service of process. While this can take many forms, some form of service must occur or the case cannot move forward and a judgment either will not be entered against that party or could be easily vacated.

As per the arbitration rules and as per the civil rules in the UAE, the arbitration rules shall be governed by the Terms of Reference. Terms of Reference is a document used within international arbitration law.

A provision of the Affordable Care Act (also frequently referred to as “Obamacare”) requries that corporations of 50 or more employees must issue FDA-approved contraceptives as part of their health plan. However, a legal advocacy group has announced that it will ask the US Supreme Court to take up a Michigan manufacturing company’s challenge to the requirement.

Some explanation and guidance on how to bring litigation in China, especially for foreign companies and corporates.

An arbitrator can be appointed; directly by name (this is not the common method used), through the Court or through the Arbitration center. If you agree for the Court or Arbitration center to appoint an Arbitrator you need to make an application.

Lavabit, a company that offers encrypted email services to its customers, has formally appealed the secret surveillance order that led it to close its business last month, but the case was immediately placed under seal in the 4th Circuit Court of Appeals.

We have all heard the saying that you cannot fight city hall. But, what do you do when a public service like electricity, water, sewage, or trash pick up breaks down and nobody does anything to fix it? Who do you pursue and how?

The UAE has rapidly emerged as a leading financial center, attracting large global investors and businesses, and as international developers and contractors continue to invest in construction projects, there has been an increasing trend in the use of arbitration in Dubai.

A tort is a civil (as opposed to a criminal) wrong committed by a person or company that results in some sort of harm to another, whether physical injury, emotional distress, or financial loss or property damage. The person or entity that commits the tort is called a “tortfeasor,” and is legally responsible for the harm their wrong causes to the victim(s).

This article aims at explaining enforcement of foreign judgments obtained from Courts of Poland in Turkey. It explains the procedure of implementation of Polish Decrees/Decisions in Poland based on judicial and legal cooperation agreement which enables reciprocity between Turkey and Poland as a core treaty. It also touches arbitral awards enforcement which are given by Polish Courts.

In the year 2013 the important reform of civil law was performed in the Russian Federation. The reform was performed in 3 steps by passing the laws amending the Russian Civil Code within the year 2013. This overview provides a list of most important amendments which came or will come into legal force in 2013.

The purpose of a discovery deposition is for an attorney or a party in a case to find out as much as they can about the facts of a law suit. If you are a party to the case, you will likely have a good idea of what to expect, ideally through the advice of your attorney. But, if you are either unrepresented or not a party to a case, this guide should help you understand how to behave, what is at stake, and what your obligations are.

This article aims at explaining enforcement of foreign judgments obtained from Courts of China in Turkey. It explains the procedure of implementation of Chinese Decrees/Decisions in Turkey based on judicial and legal cooperation agreement which enables reciprocity between Turkey and China as a core treaty. It also touches arbitral awards enforcement which are given by Chinese Courts.

If you have already been sued, it is probably too late to do anything to protect your assets. But, if you are a planner and looking to protect your assets before you have a problem, this article is for you.

At some point, we all have a negotiation. In the legal setting, this often occurs when negotiating during a mediation, but you probably also have negotiations in many other settings, as well, like when buying a car, interviewing for a job, or working out the terms of a home loan. Since negotiating is a necessary skill for everyone's life, it is a good idea to understand a few tips to give you the advantage for getting what you want.

So, something has gone wrong in your trial and now you need to take an appeal. Or maybe the other side was unhappy with the outcome and they are taking the appeal, leaving you to make a response. An understanding of the appeal process and what it really means to take an appeal can be crucial to your success at this point in your legal dispute.

We have probably all received one of those notices in the mail advising us that we are part of a class action lawsuit. Maybe it requires some sort of registration or maybe you do not have to do anything. A few months or years later you receive a small check and never hear anything else about it. What was that? Did you do the right thing? Could you have gotten more money? It is really not as scary or complicated as it might seem.

Many have heard the term “alternative dispute resolution” associated with both arbitration and mediation, but may not have understood the difference. Indeed, many use the terms interchangeably even though they are very different procedures.

This article provides corporate counsel and international practitioners with a comprehensive legal analysis of shipping law and regulations in Ukraine.

Private video recordings can potentially serve as evidence in civil proceedings, according to the Local Court of Munich (AG) in its judgment of June 6, 2013 (Az.: 343 C 4445/13).

Anyone who has ever had to rely on the testimony of others, whether in a criminal, civil, or administrative proceeding, has probably felt the cold knife of panic and disgust slice through their gut as someone testified in a manner they considered untruthful. Of course, many people can have many different interpretations of the same event, including some that seem wildly different than your recollection, simply because they had a different perspective.

Discovery is the pre-trial phase in a lawsuit in which each party investigates the facts of a case, through the rules of civil procedure, by obtaining evidence from the opposing party and others by means of discovery devices including requests for answers to interrogatories, requests for production of documents and things, requests for admissions, and depositions.

The judicial system of Uzbekistan consists of the Constitutional Court, courts of general jurisdiction for civil and criminal cases, economic courts, and military courts. The main act regulating and establishing the procedure for organization and activity of courts is the Law on Courts (new edition) dated December 14, 2000.

When parties are in conflict about the interpretation of a contract, lawyers and judges in the Netherlands will firstly apply the Haviltex criterium (named after case law with the same name). According to this famous criterium not only the literal interpretation of the wording of a contract is relevant but also are the underlying intentions of the parties and what they may expect from each other.

After its adoption by the National Assembly and the Senate of the Democratic Republic of the Congo ("DRC"), the President of the Republic promulgated on June 26, 2013 the Law No. 13/023 authorizing the accession of the DRC to the Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards signed in New York, on June 10th, 1958 (the "Convention").

As the CIETAC Shanghai and CIETAC Shenzhen have respectively declared to become a independent arbitration commission breaking away from the CIETAC Beijing. The effect to the contract with a arbitration term and potential disputes involving the CIETAC can be seen from recent judgments.

A fan of comic books and motorcycle gang movies, in the 1950s Gary Friedrich began to imagine a motorcycle-riding superhero. The hero developed into a motorcycle stuntman when Evel Knievel rose to popularity in the late-1960s and in 1968 Friedrich gave his hero a flaming skull for a head. He then fleshed out a story for this hero.

Did you know that floods are the number one most common natural disaster in the United States? Here are some tips to stay safe before, during and after flood storms.

A recent study found that large medical malpractice payouts make up less than 1 percent of all medical payments in the U.S.

Plaintiffs in lawsuits against Zoloft claim that Zoloft did not do enough to warn pregnant women of the risks of taking Zoloft during pregnancy and that their infants suffered serious injury and birth defects.

It is a fraud on consumers to create labels that do not accurately reflect the ingredients in a food item, including using “evaporated cane juice” to denote sugar content that is really no different than refined white sugar.

Starting a new company or planning on becoming a partner in a new company? Your personal assets are not as protect as you may think. Before starting that new company or joining a partnership, read on to learn how to protect yourself from personal asset exposure now and when you exit the company.

U.S. District Judge William Alsup continues to be a trailblazer when it comes to intellectual property litigation. He has asked Google and Oracle to supply a list of all of the journalists and bloggers on their payrolls.

Under most circumstances, Arbitration is a better dispute settlement process.

Interest rates are at historic lows and divorcing couples and people in general are buying and selling homes in increasing numbers. This exasperates the already common question - "What happens to a couple's home during their divorce?"

The Supreme Court on Friday, 7 of March, delivered its long-awaited decision with regard to the appeals lodged by Laiki’s and BoC’s depositors who lost part of their money in the €10 billion bail-in plan for Cyprus. More than 3.000 appeals of uninsured depositors were filed before the Supreme Court requesting the decision to be revoked.

These tips, pointers and information are intended for persons who must attend for cross-examination or examination for discovery in a civil proceeding in Ontario. There are some procedural differences between cross-examination and discovery but generally, preparation for the examination is the same.

The article introduces the procedure to settle the international trade disputes in China.

In business litigation, the quality, independence and acceptability of the expert evidence can make or break the case. This article discusses the law of Canada affecting the use of financial experts and best practices to make their evidence most effective. This presentation was prepared for a legal conference which took place in Toronto on May 30, 2013. The contents are not legal advice. Please contact the authors if you have any questions.

The separation of CIETAC Shanghai and CIETAC South China from CIETAC Beijing has made a great noise, causing some confusion and legal issues about the arbitration clause. The author intents to briefly clarify it in this article.

The National People’s Congress adopted the revised PRC Civil Procedures Law (“New CPL”) on 31 August 2012, which law came into effect on 1 January 2013.

It has been argued that strict adherence to the doctrine of privity of contract produces unfair results. In many cases, the Court resorted to principles such as agency and trust to circumvent the doctrine of privity of contract.

The CPSC reports that on average, 114 children die from nursery product injuries each year. This article examines the three types of product defects, as well as the victim’s and family’s rights after an accident.

Every criminal defense in Michigan rests on the strength of the Prosecutor's evidence. Discovery is essential to a successful criminal defense strategy. Discovery is the stage where your Defense Attorney submits a written demand to inspect the evidence, and get copies of all reports. If the Prosecutor refuses to comply with the Discovery Demand, the Court may issue and Order Compelling Discovery, which directs the Prosecutor to release the evidence.

The jurisdiction for the enforcement of claims may depend on whether a choice of forum agreement was reached between the parties.

The typical divorce process is very expensive and can cost upwards of $15,000. Using the method of divorce mediation instead, couples can save both time and money while ending their marriages.

Blowing the whistle on fraud that is committed at the expense of U.S. taxpayers is, generally, governed by the federal False Claims Act. The Act allows a private citizen to step into the shoes of and pursue a claim on behalf of the government.

Although off-label prescription drugs are involved in many False Claims Act cases, the Second Circuit Court of Appeals recent decision looks unlikely to have any major impact on whistleblower lawsuits.

There are risks to blowing the whistle on illegal, corrupt or fraudulent business practices, but there are also protections and incentives built into the process as well.

This article aims to explain Enforcement Procedure and Conditions in Turkey. International private and civil procedure law of Turkey and Turkish Procedure Law are the main laws governing the procedure of enforcement of Foreign Judgments in Turkey. In this article, we’ll guide our readers based on the provisions of these laws. It is also important to note that Turkey ratified Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards which apply to the cross-border enforcement.

In its ruling of 7 December 2012 (AZ: 6 K 1736/10), the Rhineland-Palatinate Finance Court ruled that filing an action by e-mail may also be permissible without a qualified electronic signature.

The False Claims Act was designed to provide an award to encourage potential whistleblowers to come forward and take steps to stop the waste of taxpayer dollars.

Motorcycle safety concerns many aspects of vehicle and equipment design as well as operator skill and training that are unique to motorcycle riding.

This an excerpt of the Canada chapter of International Liability of Corporate Directors, 2nd ed., Juris Publishing, Feb. 2013. Parts of the full chapter are excluded, including, offering corporations, corporate reporting, role of securities commissions, insider trading, prospectus violations, loans and liability insurance and indemnification. Please consult the full chapter. Information only not legal advice.

The procedure of enforcement orders can potentially be a simple and cost-saving alternative for businesses to enforce claims for payment.

This summary of Civil Litigation Procedures was prepared on the on the occasion of the 2012 Annual Conference of the International Network of Boutique Law Firms in Rancho Palos Verde, CA on Oct 12-14, 2012. The law and procedure are similar but not identical in the Canadian common provinces and territories but differs in Quebec which has a Civil Code. This summary is not exhaustive and is not intended as legal advice.

With the proliferation of international commercial arbitration and business arbitrations locally, a large body of rules, protocols, laws and conventions - formal and informal -- have developed. Litigation lawyers cannot assume they know the ins and outs of arbitration without learning how the details. This article reproduces the power point slides of a presentation made by the author at an Arbitration Advocacy seminar in October 2012. They are for information only and not legal advice.

Many Orthodox Jews involved in commerce face a challenge in complying with the Biblical prohibition against charging interest. Recognizing the problem the Rabbis created a legal document recharacterizing the "loan" as a commercial agreement & lender as an investor and the interest as shared profit. This agreement is called the Heter Iska. Given the different rights that flow from a loan the author poses the question -is there a litigation risk to a lender who signs a Heter Iska?

A survey showed that 7 out of 10 female employees were sexually harassed at their workplace. So, how safe are you at work?

International commercial arbitration is the most common method for resolving disputes arising from agreements between businesses from different countries. In this presentation, the author describes the systems and procedures applicable to international commercial arbitration and helps business people understand what to expect.

A cab driver was taken to the hospital after being assaulted and battered by a customer who didn’t want to pay his fare. According to reports, the driver of the cab had just finished dropping off four customers when one of the customers pulled a handgun and used it to strike the cab driver in the head.

The former CFO of Sterne Agee Group, Inc is suing the Alabama based investment bank for breach of contract, among other allegations. According to court documents, former CFO Brian Barze worked as the CFO of another company which was grooming him for a CEO position when Sterne Agee approached him about the CFO position at its own company.

Lawsuit settlement funds allow victims to get money through means like pre-settlement loans with the help of a Dunn accident injury attorney. Get your money quickly.

In less than a minute, the high-end headlights could be popped out with a screwdriver, leaving owners and lessees with vehicles that can’t lawfully be driven and that cost thousands of dollars to repair.

Technology has become a staple in today’s legal industry by shaping and changing the way business is conducted.

Car accident victims suffering from a catastrophic injury often cannot conduct their own affairs. If there is no power of attorney Court’s must approve both of the person being appointed as Guardian & the management plans. Any settlement agreement with the insurance company must also be approved by the court. To that point the system in Ontario effectively protects the best interests of the incapable person. The question is – what about afterwards?

The Federal Court of Justice recently ruled on when a buyer has purchased a so-called “lemon” („Montagsauto“) and for this reason is able to revoke a concluded purchase agreement without setting a grace period.

Owning a business is not without certain legal risks. Businesses are vulnerable to the perils of being served with a business litigation summons and complaint at any time. Customers can think of all kinds of reasons to bring a lawsuit against a business.

Arguably, Ontario's Court of Appeal decision, Ferrara v. Lorenzetti Wolfe Barristers & Solicitors [FN i], profoundly changed the law regarding limitation periods. In Ontario claims have to be started before the second anniversary on which the claim is discovered. Some say Ferrara stands for the proposition that a claim is not discovered when an unsophisticated litigant reasonably relies on the lack of advice given by his lawyers that such a claim can be made.

At any trial, parties must show evidence to prove their claims. Sometimes, the most effective way, or even the only way, to prove a point is through physical or documentary evidence, e.g. the allegedly defective product in a products case, the weapon actually used in a criminal case, or patient files in a case of nursing home negligence. There are obvious motives to destroy such evidence, and destroying or failing to safeguard such evidence is known as spoliation.

Making the right choice of placing your child in someone else's care can always be a difficult decision. In fact, there are many important factors to take into consideration when planning to choose a day care center for your child.

Defective product liability stemming from failure to pull product from shelves may require the services of personal injury lawyers in Clarksburg.

The system of civil and commercial liability in Dominican Republic is based on the French Civil Code of 1804. The litigious process is an adaptation of 19th Century French civil procedure legislation with a certain number of updates and modifications.

The global brands can assert the rules of fair competition in Ukraine.

The authors discuss the impact of an important decision of the Ontario Superior Court concerning an arbitrator’s jurisdiction to make orders affecting non-parties and related matters. Also discussed is the enforcement of an award under section 50 of the Arbitration Act.

Herzeine Inlandsch Reglement ("HIR") and Reglement Buiten Govesten ("RBg") do not regulate the provisions of changing of claim. The legal basis for changing of claim is regulated under Article 127 Reglement op de Rechsvordering ("Rv").

Exception, in Civil Procedural Law context, has the meaning as an objection. Exception can also be defined as a defense (plea) proposed by the defendant against the plaintiff’s claim.

A judgment may be enforced in the Country or State of its origin. Obtaining a judgment in Country A and having to enforce it in Country B, as the debtor has its assets in that Country isn't that easy as a legal decision of a foreign State will not automatically be accepted as a legal title. Most of the time (and unless treaties have been signed to facilitate things) it will be necessary to obtain a decision of the other Country. This is called the EXEQUATUR of a foreign decision.

In the age of the internet, filing lawsuits has become more complicated. Consider the scenario where you order a product from a website and the company is from out of state or maybe you are working with an vendor or supplier that is located out of state. Some dispute arises and a lawsuit is imminent. Where should the lawsuit be filed?

This article was written to help explain the various video formats available to attorneys after conducting a video deposition.

This article discusses a new law in Alabama allowing parties to hire a private judge to preside over certain cases, including non-jury personal injury claims. In addition to providing details of the new law, this article also identifies the benefits that a personal injury claimant may reap from utilizing the new private judge system.

Chapter 7 bankruptcy does not erase cosigner liability. Cosigners may still have to pay your debt. Chapter 7 bankruptcy attorneys near Plano, Texas can explain.

Welcome to the conference hall of the Investment Company Sigma Bleyzer. We have an interesting topic for you today, a topic that is interesting in any country, but especially so in Ukraine. Our topic today is how to protect foreign investors in Ukraine and what legal support is available from professionals. My name is Alexander Pavlov, head of the Ukraine-Israel Business Council.

We would like to inform you that the Law of Ukraine No. 3454 “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine to Increase Liability for Violation of Personal Data Protection Law” comes into force on July 1, 2012. The key provision of this law establishes liability for company officials in case they fail to register personal data base with Ukrainian authorities.

A recent Pennsylvania Superior Court decision may have very well changed the PA Mechanics’ Lien Law dealing with repayment priority, to the benefit of the contractor, when a construction project takes a wrong turn. A mechanic's lien is a security interest that is placed on the title to property for the benefit of those who have supplied labor or materials that improve that property. 49 P.S. § 1101 et seq.

Without a doubt one of the biggest legal battles to take place this year is that between South Korean Samsung Electronics Co and Apple. The two lawsuits, one by Samsung against Apple and one by Apple against Samsung had been scheduled for Friday morning, but jaws dropped around Seoul Thursday afternoon when the court decided last-minute to postpone a verdict.

Another day, another litigation over patenting laws. Introducing ‘Siri:’ Apple’s computer voice search-and-speak technology inside newer iPhones, iPads and iPod Touch devices. Those of us with IPhones will know the joys and blunders of this so called revolutionary talking app. Our personal ‘Siri’ experiences aside, the little voice of wisdom is already getting herself in trouble.

This article looks at the issues associated with the enforcement of arbitral awards from the Hong Kong International Arbitration Centre, and the Singapore International Arbitration Centre, in the People's Republic of China. Arbitration can be an effective mechanism to resolve civil and commercial disputes. Many choose to use arbitration as it is confidential in nature, possibly more predictable and manageable.

New Jersey federal and state courts and the U.S. Supreme Court, in addition to a federal court in New York, have issued a number of opinions regarding products liability and related issues since the beginning of 2011. Below is a synopsis of some of the more interesting and important of those decisions.

Examining Contracts Arising Under the Commercial Credit Transaction (Letter Of Credit) Commercial credits are most commonly used in the international transactions areas. Its main future is that; it gives security both the exporter (seller) and the importer (buyer). The Seller knows that, he will get paid if he completes his duty properly. The buyer, on the other hand, can ensure to part his money before the goods are received.

The main statute governing international arbitration in the Republic of Kazakhstan (hereinafter "RoK") was introduced in 2004. However, the growing interest in the resolution of disputes by means of international arbitration is only a recent development. In addition to those who would traditionally pursue this route, such as foreign companies or subsidiaries located in the RoK, an increasing number of Kazakhstani companies are considering international arbitration.

Litigators can be beneficial when there are disputes over probate and trust litigation. Probate and trust litigation can turn families into enemies and convert inheritances into attorneys’ fees. These disputes can fueled by sibling rivalry, blended families, family grudges, financial need, entitlement, revenge, greed, or spite.

One of the side effects of wearing uneven, rocky shoes is pain related to excessive pressure and stress. Skechers Shape-Ups and similar toning shoes can cause hip pain because its rocker bottom sole design can cause the wearer to strain more muscles and distribute their weight in an unnatural way that can cause severe hip injuries.

The Court of Appeals has held that even where there is a contractual fee shifting provision, that the court retains discretion to limit any award to a reasonable level. Successful parties will have to be ready and able to prove that requested fees are reasonable, even where the other party has expressly agreed by contract to pay all fees.

In order to initiate the executive enforcement procedure, the judgment holder must present to the state enforcement service the enforcement order of the commercial court along with an application and, if applicable, the court decision to permit enforcement of a foreign court decision or the arbitration court decision.

According to Article 35 of the Law of Ukraine “On International Commercial Arbitration,” an arbitration award, regardless of the state of origin, is recognized as mandatory (binding) and, after submission of a written petition to a competent court, is subject to enforcement.