Antitrust and Trade Regulation Law Articles
Articles written by lawyers worldwide
explaining the different aspects of Antitrust and Trade Regulation.
What Source of Laws Addresses Unfair Competition?
April 18, 2018 By HG.org
When learning how to deal with unfair competition practices, it is important to know what laws address these matters in the courts and how to...
Intentional Interference with Economic Relationships and Unfair Competition
April 11, 2018 By HG.org
When a company engages in intentional unfair competition practices that seek to redirect or alter an economic relationship that interferes with...
Unfair Competition Cases Involving Trademark Infringement
April 10, 2018 By HG.org
Trademark infringement is a serious offense to a company with an established brand with a long member in the public’s eye. However, when the...
Illinois Statute Regarding Unfair Competition
April 3, 2018 By HG.org
Understanding state laws regarding unfair competition is essential when living in that specific state, and in Illinois, this could affect what...
Resale Price Maintenance, Horizontal Conspiracies, and Antitrust Law
April 3, 2018 By Bona Law PC
If you are looking for controversy, you came to the right place. Today, we discuss resale price maintenance, one of the most contentious issues...
Anti-SLAPP Motions in California
April 3, 2018 By Bona Law PC
The U.S. court system handles a vast array of civil lawsuits, from small personal or business disputes to massive corporate matters. In any...
Romanian Gambling Law Update
March 29, 2018 By Hammond, Minciu and Associates
The whole gaming and gambling industry is in a dynamic changing phase. This is not only the games themselves but also how Governments view the...
Examples of Unfair Competition against Small Businesses
March 13, 2018 By HG.org
Unfair competition against smaller businesses causes severe devastation to the owner and company when facing a larger corporation or a...
How Do Non-Profits Engage in Unfair Competition Measures?
March 9, 2018 By HG.org
Any type of redirecting consumer traffic and sales away from a business is part of unfair competition practices and activity, and even certain...
When Does Unfair Competition Rise to the Level of an Actionable Offense?
March 1, 2018 By HG.org
It is important to understand how to deal with unfair competition in the business world, or the victim of such actions may not have any recourse...
How Do Unfair Compensation and Deceptive Trade Practices Intersect?
February 28, 2018 By HG.org
The Fair Trade Commission Act has a connection with unfair compensation and deceptive trade practices both in business interactions and...
Does a Minimum Advertised Price (MAP) Policy Violate Antitrust Laws in the United States?
By Bona Law PC
We see many antitrust issues in the distribution world—and from all business perspectives: supplier, wholesale distributor, authorized retailer,...
What Are the Elements for a Tortious Interference Claim under California Law?
By Bona Law PC
The law of contracts governs a wide range of business and commercial activity, allowing individuals and businesses to take risks with the...
Trademark According to Saudi Law
The Saudi trademark law punishes anyone who forges a registered trademark or imitates or uses it without the consent of its owner.
ASEAN and Hong Kong Sign Free Trade & Investment Agreements
On November 12, Hong Kong signed free trade and investment agreements with the 10-nation Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in a...
China Confirms Amendments to Its Law Against Unfair Competition
By MMLC Group
On November 4, 2017, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress of China passed its comprehensive amendments to the PRC Law...
Drones and Privacy in Turkey
We had remote controlled cars when we were kids. By the time, we started seeing toys such as remote controlled aircraft, boats and helicopters...
Patent Application in Ghana
Patent means the title granted to protect an invention. The law explains further that an invention is an idea of an inventor which permits in...
Application for a Patent in Ghana
Patent means the title granted to protect an invention. The law explains further that an invention is an idea of an inventor which permits in...
Is an Anticompetitive Contract Clause an Ancillary Restraint that Will Survive Antitrust Scrutiny?
By Bona Law PC
Setting prices or allocating markets with your competitor is a terrible idea. Doing so is likely to lead to civil litigation and perhaps even...
The Requirements of an HSR Antitrust Filing for a Merger or Acquisition in the United States
By Bona Law PC
In the United States, mergers and acquisitions involving companies of a certain size must be reviewed by one of the competition authorities—the...
How to Determine if International Products Are Subject to International Dumping Rules
By HG.org
When determining if a product is subject to dumping rules, the international laws must be taken into account. This means that there may be...
State Aid Control Over Tax Rulings of EU Member States
The European Commission's State aid control over tax rulings has been widely commented on, particularly following the decision on Apple and...
Bid-Rigging Is a Per Se Violation of the Antitrust Laws
By Bona Law PC
Bid rigging violates the U.S. antitrust laws.
Can Victims of Infringements of Competition Law Take Action for Damages in Belgium and the EU?
The law of 6 June 2017 facilitates the action for damages for victims of infringements of competition law.
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (“CFPB”) Continues to Focus on Informed Decisions
This month the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (“CFPB”) prevailed on a motion to dismiss brought by Navient, which was founded, at least...
Legality of Paying for Online Reviews
By HG.org
Online reviews for products, services and amenities through websites and companies draw customers and clients in for business. However, some of...
When Is the Filed Rate Doctrine a Defense to an Antitrust Lawsuit?
By Bona Law PC
The doctrine of federal antitrust law includes several immunities and exemptions—entire areas that are off limits to certain antitrust actions....
Antitrust Laws Do Not Allow Real Estate Agents to Jointly Fix or Set Prices or Commissions
By Bona Law PC
If you have sold or purchased a home recently, you might be under the impression that real estate commissions—the price to engage a real estate...
European Commission Imposes Fine on Google for Antitrust Violations
The European Commission has imposed a fine totalling 2.42 billion euros on the internet giant Google for violating antitrust law.
About Federal Antitrust Laws
By HG.org
The antitrust laws in the United States are a collection of both federal and state regulations in place that control both the conduct and...
Advertising for Medicinal Products in Germany Must Relate to Approved Fields of Application
Advertising for medicinal products must relate to approved fields of application. Failing this, the advertising may violate competition law as...
Anti-Competitive Advertising in Germany Featuring Flat Rate for Tooth Cleaning and Bleaching
According to a ruling of the Oberlandesgericht (OLG) Frankfurt [Higher Regional Court of Frankfurt] from July 21, 2016, dentists offering tooth...
Antitrust Law in Germany: 9th Amendment to the GWB
Antitrust law is not something that merely concerns large corporations. It also affects small and medium-sized businesses. Violations of...
Tightening Anti-Trust Law in Switzerland
In a recently-published landmark decision in the Gaba/Gebro matter, the Swiss Federal Supreme Court held that, generally, hardcore restrictions...
Misleading Advertising: No Fees Means No Fees in Germany
If something is promoted as being free, then it should in fact be free. Otherwise, this kind of advertising might be misleading and violate...
How Antitrust Affects Potential Buyers in Real Estate Dealings
By HG.org
Real estate deals are often complicated when applying the regulations for both state and federal laws and acts. This could be as simple as...
Economic Damages of an Employee Reselling Company Products
By HG.org
Many employees are able to purchase products at their places of employment and then resell them at a higher price or without the discount they...
When Misleading Advertising Causes a Deal to Fall Through
By HG.org
Some companies advertise products or services in a way that is considered false. This means that what is proposed by the business to the public...
Competition Law in Germany: Goods On Display Must Feature Total Price on Label
The final cost of goods on display needs to be readily apparent to customers. According to a recent ruling of the Oberlandesgericht (OLG) Hamm...
False or Deceptive Competitor Advertising Hurting Your Bottom Line?
There are resources and options available for business owners when competitors undercut pricing by selling inferior goods or services.
Enforcement of Foreign Judgements and Arbitral Awards in Saudi Arabia
There are speculations internationally that, enforcement of foreign judgements and arbitral awards in Saudi Arabia are still in dark. Saudi...
Breach of Competition Law Due to Lack of Labelling on Energy Consumption in Germany
Electronic appliances that can be seen on display but lack labelling on energy consumption constitute a violation of competition law. That was...
Health Claims in Relation to Mineral Water Need to Comply with the Health Claims Regulation in Germany
Health claims in relation to mineral water need to be consistent with the Health Claims Regulation. This was confirmed by the Bundesgerichtshof...
Trade Mark Registration in Romania
The registration of a trademark in Romania involves several steps and procedures which must be closely observed. The Trade Mark registration can...
EU Cartel Authorities Examining Possible E-commerce Competition Violations
The European Union’s cartel authorities are targeting e-commerce more aggressively and are carrying out three investigations looking into...
Why Is Antitrust Compliance Counseling and Training so Important for Companies?
By Bona Law PC
If, like me, you have ever spoken to someone that faces criminal indictment by a federal grand jury following a Justice Department antitrust...
Germany Imposes Fines for Illegal Price Fixing
Manufacturers are allowed to make non-binding price recommendation, but they cannot issue merchants with price specifications. Otherwise, they...
Antitrust Authority in Israel Continues Its Trend of Stricter Punishment
The Israel Antitrust Authority (‘’IAA’’) has announced its intention to impose a financial sanction in the sum of NIS 25,640,000 on Bitan Wines,...
China to Amend Its Law Against Unfair Competition
By MMLC Group
The PRC Law Against Unfair Competition has been a valuable tool in fighting unfair business practices, including acting against passing off and...
Digital Incorporation of Companies in Kenya
You can now incorporate your company in Kenya online using the Attorney General's portal in eCitizen.
Exclusive Dealing Under the U.S. Antitrust Laws
By Bona Law PC
Are you unable to compete for certain customers because those customers are bound by exclusive-dealing agreements with your competitors? Or are...
Are My Products Subject to Anti-Dumping/Countervailing Duties?
Many importers will discover at some point that products they import may be subject to anti-dumping duties (“ADD”) or countervailing duties...
The Term “Centre” Potentially Misleading in Germany
A ruling of the Oberlandesgericht (OLG) Frankfurt [Higher Regional Court of Frankfurt] shows that difficulties can arise if there is a desire at...
What Are the Elements for a Monopolization Claim under the Federal Antitrust Laws?
By Bona Law PC
Do you or your competitor have a monopoly in a particular market? If so, your conduct or their conduct might enter the territory of the Sherman...
Foreign Corporations in Israel also Have No Immunity
The purpose of the Israeli Restrictive Trade Practices Law is to encourage and maintain competition in the country. The law does not explicitly...
A Brand New Law On Movable Pledge Especially For SMEs To Enjoy - Turkey
Recently, on January 1, 2017, the Law on Movable Pledge in Commercial Transactions[1] (“Law”) entered into force and prevailed the Law on...
What is the Biggest Mistake that District Courts Make in Antitrust Cases?
By Bona Law PC
This articles describes how federal trial courts sometimes confuse the pleading standards for antitrust cases.
Eye-catching Advertising in Germany Featuring Misleading Guarantee Promises
Advertising featuring a guarantee can be misleading if the guarantee promise is linked to conditions that are not clearly visible to consumers....
Enforcing Truck Cartel Antitrust Claims in Germany
Parties that have suffered loss as a result of the truck cartel are entitled to compensation.
Truck Cartel: Be Mindful of Statute of Limitations for Damages Claims in Germany and the EU
The parties to the truck cartel illegally fixed prices, among other things, over a period of 14 years. Those who have suffered because of the...
Simplifying of Contracting Pprocedures for Services Exporters in Ukraine
From January 2017 the procedure of agreement conclusion will be simplified for services exporters.
If It Says Raspberry on the Outside, It Should Also Be Raspberry on the Inside – Misleading Consumers in Germany
Food products which give the impression that they contain ingredients when this is not in fact the case are misleading to consumers. That was...
The U.S. Supreme Court Clarifies the Definition of Insider Trading – A Big Win for Prosecutors
For the first time since 1983 when the Supreme Court issued its decision in Dirks v. SEC, the Supreme Court yesterday clarified what “personal...
The Name of a Beer Is Not Automatically an Indication of Geographical Origin in Germany
A lot of breweries name their beer after the location where it is brewed. As demonstrated by a ruling of the Oberlandesgericht (OLG) München...
Bundeskartellamt in Germany Imposes Fines Totaling Millions of Euros Against Television Studios
The Bundeskartellamt, Germany’s federal cartel office, has imposed a fine amounting to millions of euros against three television studios for...
Misleading Advertising in Germany Featuring Teaser Offers
Anyone who denotes goods as available for delivery despite the fact that they are sold out is violating competition law. This comes from a...
Redeeming Competitors’ Discount Vouchers not a Violation of Competition Law in Germany
The Bundesgerichtshof (BGH), Germany’s Federal Court of Justice, has ruled that if a company redeems competitor’s discount vouchers this is...
Know your Client - Romanian Corporate Governance
KYC or know your client seems to be a mantra repeated by many institutions these days, whether is it from banks of financial authorities the...
Turkey’s Civil Offset Enthusiasm
Most probably many people would not know more about where offset/industrial participation discussions were moving toward before the article...
Record Fine For Truck Cartel – Enforcing Damages Claims in EU and Germany
Members of the truck cartel will have to pay a fine totaling approx. 2.9 billion euros, and things could become even more expensive if damages...
The Necessity and Some Problematic Aspects of the Choice of Law Clauses for International Transactions
In their day by day practice business entities very often conclude transactions that have cross border nature for example a company may conclude...
OLG Köln, Germany: Advertising Risks And Side Effects of Pharmaceuticals
As demonstrated by a ruling of the Oberlandesgericht (OLG) Köln [Higher Regional Court of Cologne] from July 1, 2016, associated risks and side...
Germany's Cartel Office Imposes High Fines in Response to Illegal Agreements
Infringements of competition law or antitrust law can prove to be costly for businesses. That much is clear from the annual report for 2015 that...
LG Hamburg: Misleading Advertising for Cigarettes in Germany
The property “mild” can only refer to the taste when it comes to tobacco advertising. According to a ruling of the Landgericht (LG) Hamburg...
Misleading Advertising Through Use of a Manufacturer’s Logo in Germany
If a car dealership advertises with a manufacturer’s logo without being an authorized dealer, this may constitute misleading advertising...
Music May Be Less Widely Available in the Future. Here's Why.
The government just denied a request from the music industry to change the royalty collection system. Here, we examine what's at stake and...
Cartel Office Ensures Greater Competition in Rail Sector in Germany
The German railway company Deutsche Bahn must allow for more competition. The Bundeskartellamt, Germany’s Federal Cartel Office, found that the...
Alcohol, Language, and the Law
Legal disputes have become increasingly common among breweries and distilleries. Companies are litigating not only over trademark confusion, but...
LG Magdeburg: German Consumers Misled by False Indication of Origin
If certificates or marks of origin are used for promotional purposes but the products are produced elsewhere, this may constitute an...
Illegal Price-Fixing Agreements For Beer: Bundeskartellamt Imposes High Fines in Germany
The Bundeskartellamt, Germany’s Federal Cartel Office, has imposed fines totalling 242 million euros due to illegal price-fixing agreements...
Bundeskartellamt Imposes Fines Against Cartel in Sanitary Sector in Germany
At the end of March, the Bundeskartellamt, Germany’s Federal Cartel Office, imposed fines amounting to around 21 million euros against the...
OLG Koblenz: Misleading Advertising Concerning Pharmaceuticals in Germany
Advertising for pharmaceuticals is impermissible if the content of a promotional statement is not based on sound scientific evidence. That was...
European Competition Authorities Take Aim at Internet Giant
The European Commission has expanded its proceedings against an internet company on account of possible infringements of antitrust law. The...
Innovations of Ukrainian Law on Protection of Minority Owners of Corporate Rights
The Law of Ukraine "On amendments to some legislative acts of Ukraine on the protection of investors" included a norm of judicial consideration...
Declaration of Discontinuance Tied to a Condition Subject to Strict Requirements in Germany
Declarations of discontinuance are a possible consequence of violations of competition law. They can be tied to a condition, but for this to...
Protecting Consumer Rights in Bangladesh
Consumer protection is a vital, but often ignored, issue in developing countries, and Bangladesh is no exception. However, in a country like...
Restrictive Agreements Permissible under Certain Circumstances in Germany
It is possible under certain circumstances according to German and European antitrust law for agreements restricting competition to be...
World Bank Group v. Wallace: International Organizations' Immunities and the Fight Against Corruption
Was this a great victory or a near miss? Much has been written about the recent Supreme Court of Canada (SCC) judgment World Bank Group v....
Business Acquisition by Foreign in Ukraine: Basic Errors
Business acquisition is a complex and long process that can confound even the most experienced businesspersons, because different business...
Vegan Cheese Cannot be Marketed as Cheese in Germany
“Vegan” on the outside means it’s not cheese on the inside. That was the verdict of the Landgericht Trier (Regional Court of Trier) in its...
SEC Halts Ash Narayan from Defrauding RGT Clients
The Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) announced that it obtained a court ordered “freeze” of the assets of three individuals, including...
The Newest Changes in the Polish Competition Law Have Entered into Force Mid-April 2016
The focus of said novelization lies on the protection of consumers, and its aim is to strengthen consumers’ position in their relations with the...
Consumer Credit Advertisements in Poland
Since the worldwide economy crisis of 2008, we are living in the time of rising distrust towards banks and similar financial institutions. Banks...
Bundeskartellamt Investigates Ticket Allocation in Germany for Euro 2016
The allocation of tickets for the UEFA European Championship in France has triggered the involvement of the Bundeskartellamt, Germany’s Federal...
BGH on Advertising Without Option to Order
The Bundesgerichtshof (BGH), Germany’s Federal Constitutional Court, has ruled that advertising for textiles need not mention their composition...
EGC: Advertising Featuring Positive Properties of Dextrose Misleading in the EU
In its ruling of March 16, 2016, the General Court of the European Union (EGC) confirmed that advertising for dextrose featuring health claims...
Competition Law in Germany: Deceptive Packaging is Misleading
Large packaging but little in the way of contents. The OLG Hamburg (Higher Regional Court of Hamburg) has ruled that this kind of misleading...
New Customs Code of the European Union
The Customs Code establishes the general rules and procedures applicable to goods brought into or out on the customs territory of the Union and...
Unfair Advertising: Health Claims Concerning Foods in Germany
Health claims pertaining to foods have to satisfy strict requirements if they are to avoid infringing competition law. That was the verdict of...
